Details of the BTS

General Information of Binding Target of SBP (BTS) (ID: ST00044)
BTS Name	Spike glycoprotein
Synonyms	S glycoprotein; E2; Peplomer protein
BTS Type	Protein
Family	Betacoronaviruses spike protein family
Gene Name	S
Organism	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2)
Function	Spike protein S1: attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection.; Spike protein S2': Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.; Spike protein S2: mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.
UniProt ID	A0A6M5KCF0
UniProt Entry	A0A6M5KCF0_SARS2
PFam	PF16451 ; PF09408 ; PF19209 ; PF01601
Sequence	MFVFLVLLPLVSSQCVNLTTRTQLPPAYTNSFTRGVYYPDKVFRSSVLHSTQDLFLPFFS NVTWFHAIHVSGTNGTKRFDNPVLPFNDGVYFASTEKSNIIRGWIFGTTLDSKTQSLLIV NNATNVVIKVCEFQFCNDPFLGVYYHKNNKSWMESEFRVYSSANNCTFEYVSQPFLMDLE GKQGNFKNLREFVFKNIDGYFKIYSKHTPINLVRDLPQGFSALEPLVDLPIGINITRFQT LLALHRSYLTPGDSSSGWTAGAAAYYVGYLQPRTFLLKYNENGTITDAVDCALDPLSETK CTLKSFTVEKGIYQTSNFRVQPTESIVRFPNITNLCPFGEVFNATRFASVYAWNRKRISN CVADYSVLYNSASFSTFKCYGVSPTKLNDLCFTNVYADSFVIRGDEVRQIAPGQTGKIAD YNYKLPDDFTGCVIAWNSNNLDSKVGGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERDISTEIYQAGSTPC NGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQPYRVVVLSFELLHAPATVCGPKKSTNLVKNKCVN FNFNGLTGTGVLTESNKKFLPFQQFGRDIADTTDAVRDPQTLEILDITPCSFGGVSVITP GTNTSNQVAVLYQGVNCTEVPVAIHADQLTPTWRVYSTGSNVFQTRAGCLIGAEHVNNSY ECDIPIGAGICASYQTQTNSPRRARSVASQSIIAYTMSLGAENSVAYSNNSIAIPTNFTI SVTTEILPVSMTKTSVDCTMYICGDSTECSNLLLQYGSFCTQLNRALTGIAVEQDKNTQE VFAQVKQIYKTPPIKDFGGFNFSQILPDPSKPSKRSFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGFIKQYGDC LGDIAARDLICAQKFNGLTVLPPLLTDEMIAQYTSALLAGTITSGWTFGAGAALQIPFAM QMAYRFNGIGVTQNVLYENQKLIANQFNSAIGKIQDSLSSTASALGKLQDVVNQNAQALN TLVKQLSSNFGAISSVLNDILSRLDKVEAEVQIDRLITGRLQSLQTYVTQQLIRAAEIRA SANLAATKMSECVLGQSKRVDFCGKGYHLMSFPQSAPHGVVFLHVTYVPAQEKNFTTAPA ICHDGKAHFPREGVFVSNGTHWFVTQRNFYEPQIITTDNTFVSGNCDVVIGIVNNTVYDP LQPELDSFKEELDKYFKNHTSPDVDLGDISGINASVVNIQKEIDRLNEVAKNLNESLIDL QELGKYEQYIKWPWYIWLGFIAGLIAIVMVTIMLCCMTSCCSCLKGCCSCGSCCKFDEDD SELVLKGVKLHYT
Sequence Length	1273

Synthetic Binding Protein (SBP) Targeting This BTS

SBP Name	Highest Status	Mechanism	Affinity	Application	Details	Ref
Affibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Z14	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 94.1 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.3]	SBP Info	[1]
Affibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Z149	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 330 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.3]	SBP Info	[1]
Affibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Z171	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 244 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.3]	SBP Info	[1]
Affibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Z327	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 661 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.3]	SBP Info	[1]
Affimer anti-SARS-CoV-2	Research	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[2]
Alphabody anti-SARS-CoV-2	Research	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[3]
DARPin anti-SARS-CoV-2 MP0423	Research	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[4], [5]
DARPin Ensovibep	Phase III	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[4], [5]
Fab anti-SARS-CoV-2 CC12.3-D02	Research	binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[6]
Fab anti-SARS-CoV-2 CC12.3-D05	Research	binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[6]
Fab anti-SARS-CoV-2 CC12.3-D08	Research	binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[6]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 A01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 23 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 ab6	Research	Binder	Kd: 4.6 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[8]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 ab8	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 19 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[9], [10]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 B01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 46 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 113 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 1E2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 35.5 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[11]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 2F2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 5.2 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[11]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 3F11	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 3.4 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[11]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 4D8	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 6.2 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[11]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 5F8	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.996 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[11]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 m397	Research	Binder	Kd: 29.2 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[8]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 n3021	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.63 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[12]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 n3113	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 57.0 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[12]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 n3130	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 55.4 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[12]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH-Fc A01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 8.4 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH-Fc B01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.12 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH-Fc B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.19 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 A01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1.9 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 A01-B01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.1 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 A01-B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.48 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 B01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.19 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 B01-B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.23 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH2 B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.46 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH3 A01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 4 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH3 B01	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.11 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Human VH dAb anti-SARS-CoV-2 VH3 B02	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 5.2 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[7]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 DBC2_01	Research	binder	Kd: 80 nM	Tools for inhibiting the ACE2CRBD interaction	SBP Info	[13]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 DBP52_01	Research	binder	Kd: 4600 nM	Tools for inhibiting the ACE2CRBD interaction	SBP Info	[13]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB1	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: <1 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB2	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB3	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: <1 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB4	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB5	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB6	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB7	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Miniprotein anti-SARS-CoV-2 LCB8	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1-20 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[14]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C4-AM2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: <0.01 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[15]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C4-AM2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 6.3 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[15]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C4-AM2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 4.4 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[15]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C4-AM2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 1.7 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[15]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 1	Research	Binder	Kd: 2.5 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[16]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 10	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 2.0 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[16]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 4	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1.9 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[16]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 6	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.76 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[16]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 9	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 17.8 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[16]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 FN3A	Research	Binder	Kd: 5.56 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[17]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 FN3B	Research	Binder	Kd: 5.73 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[17]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 FN3C	Research	Binder	Kd: 14 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[17]
Monobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 FN3D	Research	Binder	Kd: 3.41 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[17]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 1B-3F-2A	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.095 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[18]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 3F-1B-2A	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.047 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[18]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C1	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.62 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[19]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C5	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.099 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[19]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 C5G2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 1.62 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[20]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 11	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 140 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[21]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 11	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 76 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[21]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 14	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 13.8 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[22]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 15	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 6.8 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[22]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 16	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 100-770 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[23]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 18	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 45 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[21]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 21	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: <0.001 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[24]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 23	Research	Binder	Kd: 10.6 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[25]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 3	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 61 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[21]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 31	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 5.6 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[26]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 45	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 38-690nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[23]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 6	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 210 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[27]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 6	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 41 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[27]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone 68	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 41-670 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[23]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone H11-D4	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 39 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[28]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone H11CH4	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 12 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[28]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone Nb20	Research	Neutralizer	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[24]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clone Ty1	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 5-10 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[29]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 clones	Research	Neutralizer	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[30]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 F2	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.04 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[19]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 H3	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.025 nM	Research tool	SBP Info	[19]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 LR1	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 47.5 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 LR5	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 22.8 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 matured clone 6	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 0.45 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[27]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 MR17	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 83.7 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 MR17-K99Y	Research	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[32]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 MR3	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1.0 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 MR4	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 23.3 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nanosota-1	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.016 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[33]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nb-007	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.0674 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[34]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nb-015	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 1.38 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[35]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nb-021	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.213 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[35]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nb-H6	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 632 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[36]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nb-H6	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 805 nM	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[36]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 NM1226	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 3.7 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[37]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 NM1228	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 1.4 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[37]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 NM1230	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 8.2 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[37]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 SR4	Research	Inhibitor	Kd: 14.5 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[31]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 trivalent matured clone 6	Research	Inhibitor	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[27]
Nanobody anti-SARS-CoV-2 W25	Research	Neutralizer	Kd: 0.30 nM	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[38]
Peptide aptamer anti-SARS-CoV-2	Research	Binder	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[39]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-17	Research	Binder	Kd: 2720 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[40]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-18	Research	Binder	Kd: 60.3 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[40]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-2	Research	Binder	Kd: 429 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[40]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-5	Research	Binder	Kd: 38.5 nM	COVID-19 [ICD-11: RA01.0]	SBP Info	[40]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 SP240	Research	Neutralizer	N.A.	SARS-CoV-2 [ICD-11: XN109]	SBP Info	[41]

References

1	Novel Affibody Molecules Specifically Bind to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Efficiently Neutralize Delta and Omicron Variants. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 14;11(1):e0356222.
2	Avacta. Product Development Pipeline. 2021.
3	Complix. Product Development Pipeline. 2021.
4	DARPins stack up as anti-COVID-19 agents. Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Dec;38(12):1369.
5	Molecular Partners. Product Development Pipeline. 2021.
6	Computational redesign of Fab CC12.3 with substantially better predicted binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 than human ACE2 receptor. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 12;11(1):22202.
7	Bi-paratopic and multivalent VH domains block ACE2 binding and neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Nat Chem Biol. 2021 Jan;17(1):113-121.
8	Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by human antibody heavy-chain variable domains isolated from a large library with a new stable scaffold. MAbs. 2020 Jan 1;12(1):1778435.
9	High Potency of a Bivalent Human V H Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models. Cell. 2020 Oct 15;183(2):429-441.e16.
10	Construction of a large phage-displayed human antibody domain library with a scaffold based on a newly identified highly soluble, stable heavy chain variable domain. J Mol Biol. 2008 Oct 10;382(3):779-89.
11	Humanized single domain antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the spike receptor binding domain. Nat Commun. 2020 Sep 10;11(1):4528.
12	Identification of Human Single-Domain Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Jun 10;27(6):891-898.e5.
13	De novo design of protein interactions with learned surface fingerprints
14	De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors.Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):426-431.
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