Details of the PSS

General Information of Protein Scaffold of SBP (PSS) (ID: PS065)
PSS Name	vNAR
Synonyms	VH domains of heavy chain antibodies from sharks; Immunoglobulin new antigen receptor variable domain; V(NAR); VNAR domain; vNAR; IgNAR V domain
Diagrammatic Sketch
Highest Status	Research
Class	Antibody fragment
Fold Type	Beta-Sheets + Loops
Thermal Denaturation TEMP	55-76℃
Sequence Length	103-133
Molecular Weight	11-15 kDa

Parental Protein of This PSS

Parental Protein Name	Synonym		PDB ID	UniProt ID	Origin
Immunoglobulin new antigen receptor	Novel antigen receptor; NAR; IgNAR		1SQ2 ; 4HGM	Q8AXI4	Ginglymostoma cirratum; Heterodontus francisci shark; Triakis scyllium shark; Bamboo shark; Synthetic structure

Synthetic Binding Protein (SBP) Featuring this PSS

SBP Name	Highest Status	Template	Expression System	Selection Method	Details	Ref
VNAR anti-AMA1 14I-1	Research	vNAR 12Y-2	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[1]
VNAR anti-AMA1 14I1-M15	Research	vNAR 12Y-2	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[1]
VNAR anti-EpCAM 1013	Research	vNAR H3	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-EpCAM 1014	Research	vNAR H3	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-EpCAM 1017	Research	vNAR H3	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-EpCAM clone 5005	Research	vNAR H3	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[3], [2], [4]
VNAR anti-EpCAM clone SH2	Research	vNAR H3 and vNAR H5	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[4]
VNAR anti-EpCAM R23	Research	vNAR H3	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-HEWL clone 754-1	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli BLT5403	Phage display	SBP Info	[5]
VNAR anti-HEWL clone 754-2	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli BLT5403	Phage display	SBP Info	[5]
VNAR anti-HEWL clone 853-4	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli BLT5403	Phage display	SBP Info	[5]
VNAR anti-HEWL clone 951-1	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli BLT5403	Phage display	SBP Info	[5]
VNAR anti-HEWL Ly-X20	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[6]
VNAR anti-HEWL tri-mutant	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli	Ribosome display	SBP Info	[7]
vNAR anti-HSA huE06 v1.1	Research	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	SBP Info	[8]
vNAR anti-HSA huE06 v1.10	Research	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	SBP Info	[8]
vNAR anti-HSA huE06 v1.2	Research	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	SBP Info	[8]
vNAR anti-HSA huE06 v1.4	Research	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	SBP Info	[8]
VNAR anti-HTRA1 CK2	Research	vNAR K7S	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-HTRA1 CK5	Research	vNAR K7S	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-Leptin Lep-12E1	Research	vNAR HEL-5A7	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[6]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 AM2H10	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	phage display	SBP Info	[9]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-17	Research	N.A.	HEK293F cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[10]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-18	Research	N.A.	HEK293F cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[10]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-2	Research	N.A.	HEK293F cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[10]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 JM-5	Research	N.A.	HEK293F cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[10]
vNAR anti-SARS-CoV-2 SP240	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	phage display	SBP Info	[11]
vNAR anti-TNF-alpha 3B11	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	phage display	SBP Info	[12]
VNAR anti-AMA1 12Y-2	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[1], [13]
VNAR anti-AurA D01	Research	Spotted Wobbegong shark vNAR domain	Escherichia coli	N.A.	SBP Info	[14]
VNAR anti-BAFF A05	Research	N.A.	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[15]
VNAR anti-BAFF A07	Research	N.A.	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[15]
VNAR anti-BAFF A09	Research	N.A.	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[15]
VNAR anti-BAFF B07	Research	N.A.	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[15]
VNAR anti-BAFF B10	Research	N.A.	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Phage display	SBP Info	[15]
VNAR anti-Cetuximab clone 1	Research	N.A.	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[16]
VNAR anti-Cetuximab clone 2	Research	N.A.	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[16]
VNAR anti-EpCAM A2	Research	N.A.	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[17]
VNAR anti-EpCAM H3	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2], [4]
VNAR anti-EpCAM H5	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2], [4]
VNAR anti-EpCAM/CD3E B1	Research	vNAR 5005	N.A.	Yeast display	SBP Info	[3]
VNAR anti-EpCAM/Fc-gamma F1	Research	vNAR 5005	N.A.	Yeast display	SBP Info	[3]
VNAR anti-EphA2 mmE1	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-EphA2 mmE2	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-HEWL 4F11	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[18]
VNAR anti-HEWL 5A7	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[18]
VNAR anti-HTRA1 CK4	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli MBH 71-18	Yeast display	SBP Info	[2]
VNAR anti-Matuzumab clone 1	Research	N.A.	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[16]
VNAR anti-Matuzumab clone 2	Research	N.A.	Expi293F?human cells	Yeast display	SBP Info	[16]
VNAR anti-Monoclonal antibody 1-A-11	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli TG1	Phage display	SBP Info	[19]
VNAR anti-Monoclonal antibody 1-A-14	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli TG1	Phage display	SBP Info	[19]
VNAR anti-Monoclonal antibody 1-A-2	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli TG1	Phage display	SBP Info	[19]
VNAR anti-Monoclonal antibody 1-A-7	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli TG1	Phage display	SBP Info	[19]
VNAR anti-NP DSTL096	Research	N.A.	Bacteria	Phage display	SBP Info	[20]
VNAR anti-NP DSTL097	Research	N.A.	Bacteria	Phage display	SBP Info	[20]
VNAR anti-TNF-alpha T43	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[21]
VNAR anti-TOM70 12F-11	Research	N.A.	Escherichia coli	Phage display	SBP Info	[22]
VNAR anti-HEWL A30V	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]
VNAR anti-HEWL Epi6	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]
VNAR anti-HEWL PBLA8	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]
VNAR anti-HEWL PBLB11	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]
VNAR anti-HEWL PBLB5	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]
VNAR anti-HEWL S61R	Research	N.A.	N.A.	Phage display	SBP Info	[23]

References

1	Structure of an IgNAR-AMA1 complex: targeting a conserved hydrophobic cleft broadens malarial strain recognition. Structure. 2007 Nov;15(11):1452-66.
2	Shark Attack: high affinity binding proteins derived from shark vNAR domains by stepwise in vitro affinity maturation. J Biotechnol. 2014 Dec 10;191:236-45.
3	The Shark Strikes Twice: Hypervariable Loop 2 of Shark IgNAR Antibody Variable Domains and Its Potential to Function as an Autonomous Paratope. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2015 Aug;17(4):386-92.
4	A simplified procedure for antibody engineering by yeast surface display: Coupling display levels and target binding by ribosomal skipping. Biotechnol J. 2017 Feb;12(2).
5	Construction of an artificially randomized IgNAR phage display library: screening of variable regions that bind to hen egg white lysozyme. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2013 Feb;15(1):56-62.
6	Rapid isolation of IgNAR variable single-domain antibody fragments from a shark synthetic library. Mol Immunol. 2007 Jan;44(4):656-65.
7	Dissection of the IgNAR V domain: molecular scanning and orthologue database mining define novel IgNAR hallmarks and affinity maturation mechanisms. J Mol Biol. 2010 Jul 9;400(2):155-70.
8	The influence of antibody humanization on shark variable domain (VNAR) binding site ensembles. Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 2;13:953917.
9	Screening and characterization of inhibitory vNAR targeting nanodisc-assembled influenza M2 proteins. iScience. 2022 Dec 5;26(1):105736.
10	Screening and Characterization of Shark-Derived VNARs against SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Protein. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 18;23(18):10904.
11	Neutralizing Ability of a Single Domain VNAR Antibody: In Vitro Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12267.
12	Identification of Anti-TNF VNAR Single Domain Antibodies from Whitespotted Bambooshark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Mar Drugs. 2022 Apr 29;20(5):307.
13	Selection and affinity maturation of IgNAR variable domains targeting Plasmodium falciparum AMA1. Proteins. 2004 Apr 1;55(1):187-97.
14	Allosteric inhibition of Aurora-A kinase by a synthetic vNAR domain. Open Biol. 2016 Jul;6(7):160089.
15	VNAR single-domain antibodies specific for BAFF inhibit B cell development by molecular mimicry. Mol Immunol. 2016 Jul;75:28-37.
16	Semi-synthetic vNAR libraries screened against therapeutic antibodies primarily deliver anti-idiotypic binders. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 29;7(1):9676.
17	Isolation of a pH-Sensitive IgNAR Variable Domain from a Yeast-Displayed, Histidine-Doped Master Library. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2016 Apr;18(2):161-7.
18	Selection and characterization of naturally occurring single-domain (IgNAR) antibody fragments from immunized sharks by phage display. Mol Immunol. 2003 Sep;40(1):25-33.
19	Shark IgNAR antibody mimotopes target a murine immunoglobulin through extended CDR3 loop structures. Proteins. 2008 Apr;71(1):119-30.
20	Isolation and characterisation of Ebolavirus-specific recombinant antibody fragments from murine and shark immune libraries. Mol Immunol. 2011 Sep;48(15-16):2027-37.
21	Human TNF cytokine neutralization with a vNAR from Heterodontus francisci shark: a potential therapeutic use. MAbs. Jan-Feb 2013;5(1):80-5.
22	Isolation and characterization of an IgNAR variable domain specific for the human mitochondrial translocase receptor Tom70. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Sep;270(17):3543-54.
23	First molecular and biochemical analysis of in vivo affinity maturation in an ectothermic vertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 7;103(6):1846-51.